In 324, the ancient city of Byzantium was renamed “New Rome” and declared the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was renamed, and dedicated on 11 May 330. Officially renamed as Istanbul in 1930, the city is today the largest city and financial centre of the Republic of Turkey (1923–present).

1422 AD: First Ottoman Siege of ConstantinopleĬonstantinople ( / ˌ k ɒ n s t æ n t ɪ ˈ n oʊ p əl/ Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις Kōnstantinoupolis Latin: Constantinopolis Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطينيه‎‎, romanized: Ḳosṭanṭīnīye) was the capital city of the Roman/ Byzantine Empire (330–12–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261) and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922).

717–718 AD: Great Siege of Constantinople/Second Arab Siege of Constantinople.674–678 AD: First Arab Siege of Constantinople.537 AD: Completion of the Hagia Sophia by Justinian I.532 AD: Nika Riots and Fire of Constantinople.

404/05-413 AD: Construction of the Theodosian Walls

Sparta war of empires forum